Terzet-Digitaal Congres-15-dhr. dr. R. van Es

TERZET 25 JAAR- DIGITAAL CONGRES 2018 13 Table 4 The desirable characteristics of the certified experts are part of the developed model Desirable characteristics The Three Stage Model for Ethical Decisions 1 Comprehensive, also virtues. Clear link to everyday practice. All three classical perspectives are present in Stage 2. The moral debates are about real life cases. 2 Dynamic of acting and choosing Ethical issues are formulated in terms of action. 3 Includes a stakeholder analysis. Stage 1 offers a stakeholder analysis. 4 Values and rules of the code. Values are part of Stage 1, rules are part of Stage 2. 5 Room for personal differences. Stage 3 is where experts will differ considerably Secondly, the distinction between dialogue and debate holds out in applying the model. Moral Debate concentrates on Stage 1: who is involved, what are their values and interests, and Stage 2: what principles, consequences and virtues are relevant. The Debate is focused on outcome values: what is fair, considering the actors and their action involved, and what is appropriated, considering the context of de ethical issue. For instance history and culture proved to be of great importance in understanding both the client as the local community. Moral Dialogue is prominent in the beginning of Stage 1: the expert´s first feelings and associations. During Stage 1 and 2 it is the meta-level of the Moral Debate, checking on the relationships and the rules of the game. And in Stage 3 it stresses self-reflection: what is my position as a person and as an expert considering all the information of the moral debate. The Dialogue focuses on process values: do people treat each other in the moral debate as able moral actors, in a humane way, with a sense of mutual reliability? What would be the best ethical action to choose in an ideal world? What am I factually going to do, and why? Thirdly, the added value of the three stages. The process is cut up in three stages, but it remains an iterative process. The first time you arrive at ´formulating the ethical issue´ you have the choice to return to stage 1 because you feel that the orientation is not complete or you decide to phrase the issue and go forward to the next stage. The same goes for ending Stage 2. You might return to the ethical perspectives and arguments when you think something has not been addressed yet or you decide to reformulate the issue, and move on the last stage. And in Stage 3 just before phrasing your ethical standpoint you might get doubts and return to the topics of responsibility and identity. The entire process is also a learning curve, both on the case and on yourself as an expert and a person. Finally, the three stage model has its restrictions. This is not a model for everyone, it is a model for experts, certified experts in particular. It presumes a Bachelor-level. Mastering the model takes time: an introduction to the content and practicing with cases, the model grows on you. Also in everyday practice you need time to work with the model, especially when you use it in a group. The three stage model is used by certified experts during courses in professional ethics, in coaching and peer supervision, and in case analyses by Ethics Committees, often resulting in mores prudence for their professional associations. Rob van Es